Market Acceptance of a Self-Cleaning Photovoltaic Roof Tile as a BIPV Solution

Abstract

Research context: The dynamic growth of the photovoltaic (PV) sector, particularly in the segment of prosumer micro-installations, is increasing the importance of building-integrated technologies (BIPV). At the same time, conventional PV installations face limitations related to aesthetics, roof structures, and the issue of soiling, which reduces system efficiency. The literature reveals a gap in assessing users’ willingness to pay for solutions that combine photovoltaic technology with architectural elements and additional functionalities, such as self-cleaning coatings.

Research objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the commercialization potential of self-cleaning photovoltaic roof tiles as a BIPV solution by analyzing potential users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for integrating the system with roofing materials and for features that reduce module soiling.

Research methodology: The study was conducted using a quantitative approach with an original online survey questionnaire. The sample consisted of 108 single-family homeowners in Poland. A purposive non-random sampling method was applied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and relationship analysis between variables with the use of cross-tabulations and the chi-square test.

Results: The findings indicate that respondents recognize the limitations of conventional PV installations resulting from roof structures and place significant importance on installation aesthetics. More than 60% of respondents consider panel cleaning a problem, and as many as 86% positively evaluate the concept of photovoltaic roof tiles with a self-cleaning function. Most respondents declare a willingness to pay extra, though primarily at a moderate level (5–20%), suggesting a significant role of price sensitivity.

Practical implications: The results suggest that the development of photovoltaic roof tile technologies should focus on maintaining competitive costs while emphasizing aesthetic and operational benefits. Reducing maintenance requirements and integrating systems with building architecture may increase product attractiveness; however, economic factors such as price and payback period remain key determinants of investment decisions.

Originality / value: The paper contributes to the literature by combining the analysis of BIPV technology with an assessment of willingness to pay for additional functionalities, including self-cleaning coatings. The study fills a research gap concerning user perceptions and market acceptance of innovative photovoltaic solutions in the single-family housing sector.